Out of 6,028,151 records in the U.S. Social Security Administration public data, the first name Antarctica was not present. [160], East Antarctica is a cold region with a ground base above sea level and occupies most of the continent. Multicoloured snow algae and diatoms are especially abundant in the coastal regions during the summer. [77] Antarctica is a frozen desert with little precipitation; the South Pole receives less than 10 mm (0.4 in) per year, on average. [17], Antarctica has no indigenous population. It is important to understand the various types of Antarctic ice to understand possible effects on sea levels and the implications of global cooling. It used to be ice-free until about 34 million years ago, when it became covered with ice. [1], Although coal, hydrocarbons, iron ore, platinum, copper, chromium, nickel, gold and other minerals have been found, they have not been in large enough quantities to exploit. The creature has been named the Ningen, a Japanese term meaning “human being.” [95] The snow petrel is one of only three birds that breed exclusively in Antarctica. [156] NASA's Climate Change website indicates a compatible overall trend of greater than 100 gigatonnes of ice loss per year since 2002. In January 2015, reports emerged of a 2-kilometre (1.2 mi) circular structure, supposedly a meteorite crater, on the surface snow of King Baudouin Ice Shelf. The latter in its brief sojourn actually made a temporary landing; while the Wilkes expedition, though it did not make a landing, did remain long enough in the region to survey and map some 800 miles of the continent. West Antarctica is covered by the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. [165] There is evidence from one study that Antarctica is warming as a result of human carbon dioxide emissions,[166] but this remains ambiguous. The main mineral resource known on the continent is coal. They proposed instead that a comprehensive regime to protect the Antarctic environment be negotiated in its place. The Argentine, British and Chilean claims all overlap, and have caused friction. The study, which used satellite mapping … [109][110], Several countries claim sovereignty in certain regions. More than 170 million years ago, Antarctica was part of the supercontinent Gondwana. In 1985, three British scientists working on data they had gathered at Halley Station on the Brunt Ice Shelf discovered the existence of a hole in this layer. Twelve countries signed the Antarctic Treaty in 1959, and thirty-eight have signed it since then. 2012, found that different satellite methods for measuring ice mass and change were in good agreement and combining methods leads to more certainty with East Antarctica, West Antarctica, and the Antarctic Peninsula changing in mass by +14 ± 43, −65 ± 26, and −20 ± 14 gigatonnes (Gt) per year. [1], The ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 "AQ" is assigned to the entire continent regardless of jurisdiction. First, much of the continent is more than 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level, and temperature decreases with elevation in the troposphere. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana. Scientists discovered 11 new colonies, meaning there are now 61 colonies across the continent overall. The Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), a treaty that came into force in 1980, requires that regulations managing all Southern Ocean fisheries consider potential effects on the entire Antarctic ecosystem. Other dormant volcanoes may potentially be active. Charles Wilkes, and a separate French expedition under Jules Dumont d'Urville. Antarctica — Isang Kontinenteng Nanganganib NANG tinatanaw ng mga astronaut ang lupa mula sa kalawakan, ang sabi ng aklat na Antarctica: The Last Continent, ang pinakakapansin-pansing bahagi ng ating planeta ay ang bunton ng yelo ng Antarctica.Ito’y “nagsasabog ng liwanag na gaya ng pagkalaki-laking puting parol sa ilalim ng mundo,” ang iniulat ng mga astronaut. [142], In September 2006 NASA satellite data revealed that the Antarctic ozone hole was larger than at any other time on record, at 2,750,000 km2 (1,060,000 sq mi). Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. The used colors in the flag are blue, red, yellow, white. [68] The ice began to spread, replacing the forests that until then had covered the continent. Large animals such as some cetaceans and birds make the round trip annually. If found, these resilient creatures could further bolster the argument for extraterrestrial life in extremely cold, methane-rich environments. Expedition definition is - a journey or excursion undertaken for a specific purpose. The areas shown as Australia's and New Zealand's claims were British territory until they were handed over following the countries' independence. The settlements included Grytviken, Leith Harbour, King Edward Point, Stromness, Husvik, Prince Olav Harbour, Ocean Harbour and Godthul. People from every continent, including Antarctica, are benefiting. [89] As of 2009, eleven children were born in Antarctica (south of the 60th parallel south): eight at the Argentine Esperanza Base[90] and three at the Chilean Frei Montalva Station. [52] In most of the interior of the continent, precipitation is very low, down to 20 mm (0.8 in) per year; in a few "blue ice" areas precipitation is lower than mass loss by sublimation, and so the local mass balance is negative. [94] Another member of Chironomidae is Parochlus steinenii. pagsasalin at kahulugan "Antarctica", Ingles-Tagalog diksiyonaryo online Antarctica IPA: ænˈtɑːktɪkə, /ænˈtɑɹktɪkə/, /ˌænˈtɑːk.tɪk.ə/; Type: proper, noun; Para sa iba, ito ay itunuturing kasama sa lupalop ng Australasia.. Mga teritoryo ng mga bansa sa Oseaniya at mga rehiyon ", Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, "The Foreign Secretary has announced that the southern part of British Antarctic Territory has been named Queen Elizabeth Land", "Argentina angry after Antarctic territory named after Queen", "Final Report, 30th Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting", "2015–2016 Tourists by Nationality Total", "The World's Loneliest ATM is in Antarctica", "Private Issues – The Antarctica Issues and the NORFED Issues", "Adelie Penguins thriving amid Antarctica's melting ice", "NASA and NOAA Announce Ozone Hole is a Double Record Breaker", "Polar Geospatial Center Releases New Application with High-Res Satellite Imagery", "East Antarctic deglaciation and the link to global cooling during the Quaternary: evidence from glacial geomorphology and 10Be surface exposure dating of the Sør Rondane Mountains, Dronning Maud Land", "Big Bang in Antarctica—Killer Crater Found Under Ice", "Antarctic scientists find 18 kg meteorite", "Regional changes in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice", "All About Sea Ice: Characteristics: Arctic vs. Antarctic", "Accelerated ice discharge from the Antarctic Peninsula following the collapse of Larsen B ice shelf", "Facts / Vital signs / Ice Sheets / Antarctica Mass Variation Since 2002", "A Reconciled Estimate of Ice-Sheet Mass Balance", "Mass balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2017", "Mass gains of the Antarctic ice sheet exceed losses", "Study concludes Antarctica is gaining ice, rather than losing it", "A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic", "Recent Antarctic ice mass loss from radar interferometry and regional climate modelling", A Reconciled Estimate of Ice-Sheet Mass Balance, "Warming of the Antarctic ice-sheet surface since the 1957 International Geophysical Year", "Attribution of polar warming to human influence", "Modelling Circumpolar Deep Water intrusions on the Amundsen Sea continental shelf, Antarctica", "Widespread acceleration of tidewater glaciers on the Antarctic Peninsula", "Antarctic Ice Shelf Collapse Blamed on More Than Climate Change", "Ice Bridge Holding Antarctic Shelf in Place Shatters", "Antarctica appears to have broken a heat record", "Non-annular atmospheric circulation change induced by stratospheric ozone depletion and its role in the recent increase of Antarctic sea ice extent", British Services Antarctic Expedition 2012, Antarctica and New Zealand (NZHistory.net.nz), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antarctica&oldid=999319496, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Geographical articles missing image alternative text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Ice stream/outlet glacier (ice front or ice wall), 044°38′E to 136°11′E, and 142°02′E to 160°00′E, 80°00′W to 74°00′W claimed by Chile (1940), 74°00′W to 53°00′W claimed by Chile (1940) and Argentina (1943), 53°00′W to 25°00′W claimed by Argentina (1943), 90°00′W to 74°00′W claimed by the United Kingdom (1908), 74°00′W to 53°00′W claimed by the United Kingdom (1908) and Argentina (1943), 74°00′W to 53°00′W claimed by the United Kingdom (1908) and Chile (1940), 53°00′W to 25°00′W claimed by the United Kingdom (1908), Listen to Ernest Shackleton describing his 1908, This page was last edited on 9 January 2021, at 16:02. 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