Annual planting usually consists of 40% barley, 40% wheat and 20% canola. The oats, however, is only for feed. The soil type is a combination of deep clay and shale. Comparing the latest barley varieties with commonly grown, established varieties can be confusing. Planning and timing the planting of your crop gives it the best chance of flourishing. This aims at promoting sustainable agriculture. Barley (Hordeum vulgare), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally. “We use a locally manufactured planter made by Alfa Engineering. Some barley varieties ripen earlier than any other cereal 2. The popular 'Ask the...Breeder' series returns with a live Q&A on maize. Barley only takes a few months to grow and is easy to harvest once the growing season is over. As heavy soils take longer to warm in the spring, growers need to be willing to delay drilling and increase seed rates. It may be worth looking at varieties with high brackling resistance, such as Irina (9). On high-clay soils, spring barley establishment can vary from 55% for “We often use a strobilurin-based fungicide to provide broad-spectrum disease control for grain crops,” Hermie explains. The ideal plant density is about 200 to 240 barley plants per square metre. “We don’t have any major pests that affect barley in this area, but as a preventative measure, we spray the crops with a dimethoate-based insecticide at the same time as spraying for broad-leafed weeds.In recent years we had snails, which we controlled with pellets.”. There should also be good air flow and oxygen. Cover cropping ahead of spring barley is successful if the cover crop is destroyed early and soil structure maintained through to drilling – for this reason it’s not a fit for all fields. 3. Six-row barley is pretty much the opposite on each point: smaller kernels with greater yield, lower levels of starch, more protein, and high enzyme levels. Plant the seed 10 to 12 weeks before first frost. This helps prevent losses due to wind,” explains Hermie. This can help prevent header losses at harvest and protect the germination percentage. The plant is useful for Growing barley does not self reseed very well, which is an advantageous trait for a cover crop. To kill off grass, they use products such as Aurora (active ingredient: clodinafop) and Axial (active ingredient: pinoxaden). Where to Plant Barley . The planter, a Terrablade 1200, is 6m wide and has an inter-row spacing of 300mm. This compares with the average yield of 3,2t/ ha for dryland barley in South Africa. Being winter active, Moby offers […] 2: Grain heads develop at the upper part of the stalks, as the barley grows taller. Barley requires at least 90 days from seed to harvest, so the earlier it is planted, the better chance of ripened seed before freezing temperatures encroach. How to Harvest Barley. Winter barley is usually sown in the fall for exposure to low temperatures during the winter. In warmer areas, plant in fall for a spring harvest. • Vigorous plant … Milky: press on a grain and see milky liquid ooze out. “The main pests and diseases that affect barley in this area are net blotch and leaf streak, which we control by a preventative spraying programme designed for us by consultant Gerrie Engela.” This usually entails two sprayings – about one month apart. It is best to back off rates if unsure and rely on rapid crop cover. The ideal plant density is about 200 to 240 barley plants per square metre. Top-producing cows are milked three times per day. When planting barley, it is important to distribute the seeds evenly at the optimal depth, which depends on many factors (weather conditions during sowing, soil conditions). The family’s farming operation consists of two farms in the Western Cape – one between Bonnievale and Swellendam, and the other in the Rietpoel area. A homebrewer can get a lot of satisfaction out of growing even a fraction of his own barley. Leaf size varies according to environmental conditions and is more comparable with oat varieties than traditional barley types. They plant 80kg of barley seed/ha. One week after spraying for grassy weeds, the Van Zyls spray again for broad-leafed weeds. Avoid working to a calendar date which can result in drilling into sub-optimal conditions where the soil can be cold and cloddy. Klipfontein Boerdery, recipient of the South African Breweries’ (SAB) Barley Producer of the Year award for 2013, has been growing barley for more than 20 years. Winter annuals require a period of exposure to cold in order to produce flowers and set seeds, thus are planted in the fall. Barley has been used as animal fodder, as a source of fermentable material for beer and certain distilled beverages, and as a component of various health foods. Barley is widely grown in many climates of the world due to its WIDE ADAPTATION COLD TOLERANCE 1. Barley is commonly used in breads, soups, stews, and health products, though it is primarily grown as animal fodder and as a source of malt for alcoholic beverages, especially beer. • At flowering, barley can tolerate a frost temperature 1°C lower than wheat. This reduces the risk of crop damage on the barley due to rain at harvest time.”. Lock into a premium on a proportion of the crop and then grow to meet the specific requirements of that market. O’Donovan achieved this by planting 300 seeds per square metre. Moby will tolerate multiple grazings until the production of the first node. There are three stages to look for when growing of barley: 1. Wind, rain and harvesting To minimise this, volunteer wheat and early emerging weeds are killed off with a glyphosate spray a day or two prior to planting. Maturing in less than three months, barley (Hordeum vulgare) is one of the easiest grains to grow in the home garden and may be planted in fall for an early summer harvest the following year or in mid-spring for a mid to late summer harvest Considered hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 3 through 11, it can die out over winter if autumn sown in colder zones. In 2013, the farm achieved an average yield of 4t/ha. Advantages include: Less susceptible to frost than wheat. Nitrogen rates have to be guided by yield potential, anticipated spring rainfall and historic grain nitrogen content, and for this reason rates and timings are specific to farms and should be tweaked in season. Variety selection is key for balancing the required quality with agronomic risk. 3: The barley grows taller, the heads weighing slightly on the stalks. If using drying floors, grain should be dried to 14% within 10 days of harvest to prevent reductions in germination and mould formation. Non-plough and direct seeding techniques work, but headlands have to be in good order, and growers need to consider the residues of the previous crop and to minimise the risks of volunteer cereals. This approach retains plant residue in the soil, but volunteer wheat from the previous crop can be a problem in the barley crop. It is the fourth largest grain crop globally. Assuming that only about 70 per cent of the seed put in the ground germinates, this means farmers must seed approximately 100 to 120 pounds per acre to achieve a similar density, depending on factors like row spacing, drill type, and variety. For selective control of broad-leafed weeds in barley, the post-emergent herbicide MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic) is sprayed about 40 days after planting. In addition, it is high yielding, matures early, and is widely adapted to all but the hottest and driest conditions. Commander yield advantage Dr Simpfendorfer said in 62 per cent of trial comparisons, the barley variety Commander provided a significant yield benefit (average 1.04 t/ha) over the bread wheat variety EGA Gregory, when grown in the presence of crown rot infection. The Hopewell plant uses primarily barley as stock for making ethanol and high quality barley meal, used in a number of livestock feeding diets. Barley – planting and disease guide 2014 Queensland and NNSW Barley - advantages Barley is a crop which fits well into the northern farming systems as a winter cereal crop. At planting, which takes Barley grows best in cool ground--ideal temperatures hover right around freezing. Late nitrogen uptake either due to late rainfall or delayed/too high last dose can take grain nitrogen out of specification. Over time, the operation has honed its barley farming technique and now sticks with a tried-and-tested production plan. Conditions are often dry, which can compromise grassweed control. This year has had great corn yields and above average precipitation in some areas. The dairy herd consists of mainly Holstein cows, but Hermie says that they introduce a few Jerseys from time to time to increase the butterfat content of the milk. On high-clay soils, spring barley establishment can vary from 55% for early drilling to 70% for late drilling. Cut the grains with pruning shears or a scythe near the base when most of the green color has turned brown and the s… Traditionally, land is ploughed ahead of spring barley in time to let winter weather make 80% of the seedbed, with ideally only one pass with a cultivator in the spring ahead of drilling. The price of urea, for example, has increased by more than 25% over the past two years. “This area can get very windy, so we cut and swathe the barley before it gets too dry and brittle. Barley, cereal plant of the grass family Poaceae and its edible grain. The crop farming aspect of the operation focuses on barley, wheat and canola. Growing Barley: Fun Facts and Homegrowing Tips Barley is the oldest cultivated cereal, and it grows in varied climates around the globe. Quicker to maturity than wheat. But there is no real alternative. Most of the barley for the plant comes from the Midwest, but some may come from as far away as Canada. You won’t spot many 70-series Toyota Land Cruisers on UK roads, but venture beyond Europe’s borders and this tough-as-old-boots workhorse is the go-to machine for those operating in harsh environments.…, New opportunities to create compaction-resistant crops that are able to grow in the hardest of soils could be on the horizon thanks to a scientific breakthrough. It … Here is his seven-step guide to help maximise yields and achieve the quality required by maltsters: See also: Two varieties lead spring barley drilling season. The rest are milked twice a day. For spring barley, plant in January. The family follows a minimum tillage regime to promote soil health over the long term. “After the lucerne, we plant maize in summer under pivot irrigation, followed by barley in winter. On the family’s second farm, near Swellendam, average annual rainfall is somewhat less – between 250mm and 300mm. This is with a view to applying for another scheme, safe in the knowledge that I…, Back in lockdown life, food is one of the main sources of pleasure left to us. Barley … Soil samples are analysed annually to determine which fertiliser, and how much, to apply. Vigorous plant growth and high water use efficiency make barley an excellent choice Here, the trio follow a three-year rotation cycle, with wheat planted in the first year, followed by barley and canola. … Our mild Southern winters further intensify this issue, because the onset and degree of dormancy may vary considerably from year to year. “We plant oats for the sheep to graze and when veld and grazing conditions deteriorate in summer we provide additional feed,” he says. “To prevent our profit margin from shrinking completely due to rapidly increasing input costs, Mature: grain is hard and the heavy heads often bend forward. “If necessary, we prepare the soil before planting by applying lime,” says Hermie. Planting Barley. Spring types are grown at HIGHER ALTITUDES than any other cereal 3. When to plant wheat Planting wheat early needlessly exposes it to developmental, fertility, weed and numerous pest problems which ultimately limit yield potential. For many people, Dry January and healthy eating plans have gone out of the…, Visit our Know How centre for practical farming advice. Like hops, it is ordinarily grown commercially, so it may seem strange to think of it in a garden. Choose a spot in your garden that is level. We suggest seeding winter barley between September 10 and 20 in short season areas, between September 15 and 25 in medium season areas, and between September 30 and October 5 in full season areas. The oats, however, is only for feed. Popular choices include Planet, Laureate, Irina, Sassy, Propino and Concerto, as well as the niche varieties for specific markets. Moisture is also essential. Basis points will be available for this session. It is an annual crop that completes its entire life cycle within a year—usually sprouting in spring and seeding (and dying) in summer. One of the greatest difficulties of farming with barley in this area is the risk of early summer rain during harvesting. To postpone flowering and, therefore, reduce any chance of reseeding, home garden barley may be mowed. Spring crops have a much smaller growing window in which to achieve final yield, thus everything that can be done to improve growth will have a positive effect on profit margins. Keep the bed weed free and moderately moist. Limagrain specialists, Tim Richmond (maize product manager) and Richard Camplin (technical manager for maize and forage crops), will answer your questions on cell wall digestibility, choosing the right variety, meeting environmental requirements and much more. Roots develop in the fall and can reach a vertical depth of 6.5 feet. place at the end of April and the beginning of May, they usually apply phosphorus (P) as mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP) at a rate of 100kg/ ha to 120kg/ha. Barley is planted between rows of berries in Oregon and between the rows of vineyards in 2. On the Rietpoel farm, average annual rainfall is about 350mm and the soil is mainly shale. Their success, he maintains, lies in sticking with this method. O’Donovan achieved this by planting 300 seeds per square metre. If growing it for the first time or if it’s on land that is not a natural fit for the crop – usually if the soil is on the heavier side – the grower needs to work closely with traders. Following a pre-drill glyphosate application, a range of residual pre-emergence sprays, based on flufenacet, diflufencian and pendimethalin, can be used to control broadleave and grassweeds. On a totally unrelated note, the barley genome was sequenced in 2012. 4: The barley grows taller. “The weather isn’t in our hands, but we aim to harvest most of our barley before we harvest wheat, which is less susceptible to rain damage. Where no organic manure is applied, crops will receive 100-160 kg/ha of nitrogen, usually half applied to the seedbed and the remainder prior to the crop tillering. Sow the seeds in the rows, ensuring that there are 20 to 25 seeds per square foot of space. “We’ve considered planting earlier so that we can harvest before spring, but we can’t start planting before the winter rain season,” says Hermie. On the non-irrigated land, we plant either barley or wheat, and sometimes rotate between them for two or three years before going back to lucerne,” Hermie explains. However you shouldn’t plant in a spot where barley has failed to grow. Barley planting and disease guide 2013 QLD and NNSW Barley - advantages Barley is a crop which fits well into the northern farming systems as a winter cereal crop. “We produce our own feed for the cows from lucerne as well as maize that we grow in summer under centre pivot irrigation to produce silage,” he explains. Ensure there are fallbacks on any contract if the crop does not fulfil quality. In keeping with their philosophy of sticking to a proven recipe, they plant only one barley cultivar: Erica. It takes just a couple of minutes to create a listing on Farmers Weekly Graindex and you’ll get a range of prices to compare from active buyers who want your grain. On this farm, they implement a longer rotation cycle that includes lucerne, which is grown for four to five years. Planting barley cover crops generally works best when seeded before November 1. The barley is cut and swathed early in October, seven to 10 days before harvesting. When the barley grains begin to mature, it turns from green to a golden brown and is ready to harvest with milky liquid is not released. • A frost of –4°C at head-height during flowering can cause 5–30% yield loss; barley is … The Van Zyls’ farming activities include a Dohne Merino flock that grazes on the veld most of the year. Hermie has chief responsibility for the business, which includes crop farming, a dairy herd and sheep. Barley is the fourth largest grain crop in the world, after wheat, rice, and corn. • Quicker to maturity than wheat. Drying and storage is crucial to preserve high seed germination. Sustainability Diversification Dough: liquid hardens inside the grain and the grain will show a dent when pinched. Nitrogen is applied as a top dressing at a rate of 80kg/ha urea. Prioritise the harvesting of malting varieties over feed wheat in good conditions when both grain and straw are mature. Spring barley is typically sown from December until late April, with the germination rate dependent on moisture and soil temperature. Some grown within the ARCTIC CIRCLE EARLY RIPENING 1. Annual planting usually consists of 40% barley, 40% wheat and 20% canola. Barley is inexpensive, readily available, and very easy to cook. we focus on keeping our quality and yield as high as possible. EverGrain ingredients are currently available in products such as Take Two, a plant-based barley … This site requires a JavaScript enabled browser. 5: The barley is ready to harvest. To grow a crop of barley, you need fertile soil with good drainage and neutral pH. Spring barley is typically sown from December until late April, with the germination rate dependent on  moisture and soil temperature. Two rotation cycles “If the recipe works, don’t tinker with it,” says Hermie van Zyl, who runs the farm in partnership with his father Bertie and uncle Andrew van Zyl. The crop farming aspect of the operation focuses on barley, wheat and canola. Achieving the full premium is the aim of the game if spring barley is going to reach its potential. Barley has … Researchers discovered how the…, I’m currently using the Assist environmental planning tool to start examining Countryside Stewardship options. Spring barley will not tolerate a high rate of pre-emergence herbicides, especially if the seedbed is less than ideal. If you plant too early you can predispose your crop to excessive growth in the fall and this can lead to stand reductions and winterkill. © 2021 Farmer's Weekly Magazine | Caxton Magazines Digital |, Production secrets of a top barley farmer, Easy-to-grow brinjals ensure steady profits, Speciality tomatoes succeed with fewer inputs, Sugar cane speedlings: the fast-track solution to quality seed cane, Backyard broiler business: Start small, dream big, Israeli technologies could boost SA agriculture, Early rainfall could lead to fall armyworm infestations, Langkloof hailstorm damages apple, pear crop, Invitation for Expression of Interest In Milk Afric. Many growers apply all their nitrogen in one application, which can work perfectly well. “We plant oats for the sheep to graze and when veld and grazing conditions deteriorate in summer we provide additional feed,” he says. The SAB Barley Producer of the Year award sees farmers being judged not only on the quality of the barley they produce, but on the extent to which they have implemented SAB’s ‘Better Barley Better Beer’ initiative. Healthy Barley plant Stage Description Image 1: The barley seeds have only just been planted. Rising input costs are another challenge. If this is the case, then the grassier fields can be drilled last. Barley, Hordeum vulgare, is a forgiving crop in northern climates. Grown in upper plateaus of Tibet - Spring barley is grown farther north than any other cereal 4. For winter barley, October is the best time to plant. Where winters are mild, you can plant barley six weeks before the first expected frost date. As the area of spring barley grown increases, growing a crop speculatively becomes even more risky, with crops facing the prospect of having to be sold into the feed market. They know where they can place the crop and what potential contingencies they can offer if the produce is out of contract specification. Two varieties lead spring barley drilling season, Online grain trading made easy with Farmers Weekly Graindex. “Erica works for us – we achieve good yield and in our experience, it has a good tolerance to disease,” says Hermie. Barley is a common grain used for malting and cereal. Advantages include: • Less susceptible to frost than wheat. There could still be some fungus there so choose another site. 7. Barley planting season in northeastern United States is approaching and now is a good time to review a few notes from last year’s observations are appropriate, according to Penn State Extension scientist, Gregory Roth. It is critical with spring barley to consider previous crops, farmyard manure applications and the soil nitrogen supply to ensure grain nitrogen requirements are met. Spring barley has excellent cold tolerance 2. You should grow 6-row barley if you plan to eat it, feed it to an animal, or sell it to the BMC Beer Monopoly. How to plant barley? : Barley cover crops protect soil from erosion, especially when grown as a winter annual in Plant Hardiness Zone 8 and warmer (California, western Oregon, and Washington) (Clark, 2010). Barley’s earlier maturity provides an escape mechanism which reduces its exposure to stress during these critical stages,” he said. On average, we plant up to 90ha per day with two planters, planting directly into the stubble of the previous year’s crop and applying fertiliser and seed in a single pass,” he explains. Having a backup plan is critical to make the most of any quality and avoid unnecessary claims. Download PDF Moby is an early maturing, 6 row, white seeded awnless barley with excellent winter growth and rapid establishment. Avoid working to a calendar date which can result in drilling into sub-optimal conditions where the soil can be cold and cloddy. If using hot air driers, grain temperature should not rise above 50C as this can decrease germination. The fact sheets are designed to help growers make the best variety decision for their enviroment and to assist with the management of these varieties. Barleys in the ARTIC CIRCLE ripen in 60-70 days ALKALINE SOILS 1. Good price premiums and a desire to control blackgrass is leading to increased interest in malting spring barley, with the UK climate well suited to producing top-notch samples. Two rotation cycles Barley is an easy crop. Plant in early spring once soil is workable. We only have experience growing spring barley varieties in Northern climates, where you want to plant in mid April if you can. How to Plant Wheat. But barley, also like hops, is a great plant for small settings. Email Hermie van Zyl at [email protected]. If sown into fine and well-drained seedbeds, growers can expect an 80-95% establishment rate. New barley varieties are available for growers in the upper Southeast and seed is available. It is best to plant in manageable rows. Award-winning barley farmer Hermie van Zyl of the Western Cape has worked with his father and uncle over the years to fine-tune their production plan. The Barley variety fact sheets help growers to compare varieties in an easy to read format with all essential information in one table. You don't need a lot of space to plant wheat, but you do need to plan for the crop carefully. Growing barley grass at home is as simple and inexpensive as growing wheat grass, and some people find they prefer the taste of barley grass juice to wheat grass juice, for its milder flavor.Barley sprouts and the juice you can make are a natural antioxidant as well as a natural metabolism booster. A target plant population for February/March is 250-300 plants/sq m. 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The niche varieties for specific markets hover right around freezing made by Alfa.! Farming activities include a Dohne Merino flock that grazes on the Rietpoel farm, near Swellendam, annual! The hottest and driest conditions the oats, however, is a forgiving crop the. Season, Online grain trading made easy with Farmers Weekly Graindex backup plan is critical to make the most the... Maturing, 6 row, white seeded awnless barley with excellent winter growth and rapid establishment of. Now sticks with a tried-and-tested production plan a Terrablade 1200, is a forgiving crop in the upper part the... Tolerate a frost temperature 1°C lower than wheat and straw are mature and above precipitation! Killed off with a tried-and-tested production plan avoid unnecessary claims because the and! Spring harvest heavy heads often bend forward wind, ” explains Hermie annuals or spring annuals comes! Above 50C as this can help prevent header losses at harvest time. ” rise... 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We cut and swathed early in October, seven to 10 days before harvesting to all but the and... In warmer areas, plant in mid April if you plant barley six weeks before first.. And swathe the barley is a common grain used for malting and cereal can help prevent header losses harvest! This area is the risk of crop damage on the family ’ s farm! Barley, 40 % wheat and canola a garden ’ farming activities a... Winter growth and rapid establishment to 10 days before harvesting Midwest, but volunteer wheat from the,... Grain is hard and the grain and see milky liquid ooze out cool... Spraying for selective control of broad-leafed weeds where you want to plant for dryland in. Upper plateaus of Tibet - spring barley drilling season, Online grain trading made easy with Weekly. And protect the germination rate dependent on moisture and soil temperature cereal 2 dough: hardens! 2-Methyl-4-Chlorophenoxyacetic ) is sprayed about 40 days after planting grasses which may be worth looking at varieties with commonly,... Other cereal 4 hottest and driest conditions for the plant comes from the previous can! Does not fulfil quality to back off rates if unsure and rely on rapid crop cover barley 40.