Deforestation is a severe threat to the musk deer's long term survival because the deer can only live in a few areas. The majority of their diet consists mostly of lichens, pine needles, leaves, and tree barks. Visitors are mostly Indian nationals on pilgrimage to various temples, though a few international tourists also visit the area. The adult male has a gland under the abdominal skin that secretes musk. Rishikesh is the nearest rail head at a distance of 212 km (132 mi) from Chopta. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) has categorized Musk Deer as Endangered species and their population is found to be decreasing year by year since they are being poached for their musk. [10], The sanctuary and surroundings offer some housing for visitors, including the forest hut at Madhyamaheshwar for which prior reservation needs to be done through the DFO, Kedarnath Wildlife Division, Gopeshwar. The Government of Nepal protected musk deer as [1][2][3][15][16], Other scientific activities centered around the sanctuary have been: the high-altitude botanical field station established at Tungnath (3,500 m or 11,500 ft) by the Garhwal University; further ecological studies of the ungulates; WWF on ecology of the Himalayan musk deer and other ungulates near Tungnath, together with surveys of the mammalian fauna and avifauna; and fish fauna studies in the Mandakini River.[2]. It is hunted for its musk gland, which fetches prices as high as $45,000 per kilogram. For nature lovers, the ride from Pithoragarh to Askot during spring is mesmerizing, filled … The primates recorded are rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) and common langur (Presbytis entellus). In addition, there should be international control of the musk trade to aid in the survival of this species. The geological formation in the catchment is made up of "Central Crystallines" that are metamorphic rocks such as gneisses, granites and schists. While placing the various branches around the circle, the deer will often do an olfactory examination and turn the back of its body towards the marked territories. The Siberian musk deer ( Moschus moschiferus) is a musk deer found in the mountain forests of Northeast Asia. Achievements in the Life Sciences, 8(1), 65–71. [2] These tusks are used to compete with other males and attract females. National park authorities said they have been patrolling the park, but the site where the traps were laid was in a deep and inaccessible part of the gorge. Rara National Park, Makalu Barun National Park, Sagarmatha National Park, Shey-Phoksundo National Park, Khaptad National Park, Langtang National Park, Kanchanjunga Conservation Area, Manasalu conservation area and Annapurna Conservation Area (Aryal, 2005, HMG/Nepal, 2002). Single horned rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis) is an important protected animal in wildlife of India. The poachers are from outside the national park and the buffer zone but it is strongly believed that they can never approach these areas without the support of the local people. It is one of the popular offbeat places in Uttarakhand located at a short distance of 54 kilometres from Pithoragarh near Askot. … Most notably in the Sichuan plains, the musk production was accounted for 80% of the domestic trade in the 1950s. Earlier, evidence of musk deer had been recorded at Kalatop Khajjiar Wildlife Sanctuary in Chamba district last year. Out of 111 respondents, 77% reported that the primary objective for poacher kills to the musk deer was musk pod, followed by skin (15%) and meat (8%). They are poached for its pod, which is valued at US$45,000 (Indian Rs 2 million) per 25 kg (55 lb) that is used in cosmetics. Important bird species reported are Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus) (the state bird of Uttarakhand), Snow Partridge (Lerwa lerwa), kalij pheasant (lophura leucomelanos hamiltonii), koklass pheasant (Pucrasia macrolopha), West Himalayan bush warbler (Locustella kashmirensis), little pied flycatcher (Ficedula westermanni), grey-cheeked warbler (Seicercus poliogenys) and Rusty-flanked treecreeper (Certhia nipalensis). These are the Mandani, Madhyamaheshwar, Tungnath, Ansuya Devi and Rudranath. Previous article in … [14], The male species of the endangered musk deer in the Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary carries the much valued pods musk pod (glands). Answer. The entire 14 km (9 mi) route from Gaurikund to Kedarnath temple (3,584 m or 11,759 ft) passes through the sanctuary in uttrakhand. Chitwan National Park in the Inner Terai region is one of the best protected areas in Nepal and provides habitat for such creatures as the one-horned rhinoceros, royal Bengal tiger, sloth bear, and gaur, as well as several The headquarter of Kedarnath Wildlife Division is located at Gopeshwar, District Chamoli. Only a few tens of grams can be extracted from an adult male. Despite being commonly called deer, they are not true deer belonging to the family Cervidae. Hunters catch and kill the deer using snares. Musk deer can refer to any one, or all seven, of the species that make up Moschus, the only extant genus of the family Moschidae. However, the Chinese government is greatly concerned with wildlife protection today. During breeding season, male deer will grow tusks instead of antlers. Various animals can be found here like the leopard, the musk deer, the Himalayan Black Bear, … Some of them are Annapurna Conservation Area, Sagarmatha National Park, Langtang National Park, Kanchanjunga Conservation Area, and others. It is most common in the taiga of southern Siberia, but is also found in parts of Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria and the Korean peninsula. In Russia, the Siberian Musk Deer is protected as Very Rare under part 7.1 of the Law of the Mongolian Animal Kingdom (2000) and also under the 1995 Mongolian Hunting Law. • Dachigam National Park, Jammu and Kashmir • Kanchendzonga National Park, Sikkim. [4] New sightings of musk deer was later spotted in the upper northeast Asia and Russia; these spotted places soon opened their own musk market. Known as ‘The Green Paradise of India’, Askot Musk Deer Sanctuary is secured amidst the snow capped peak in the majestic Kumaon Himalayas at a range of 5412 feet. Despite its high price, musk tinctures were used in perfumery until 1979, when musk deer were protected as an endangered species by the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES). Anyone who illegally hunts, catches, sells, or trades musk and deer will be prosecuted. During periods of winter, musk deer can survive in even poorer food quality ranging in foods that are low in proteins but are high in energy and can be easily digested.[6]. D V S Khati, chief wildlife warden of the state, says, the protected areas where musk deer can be found receive between Rs 2 and 5 crore, depending on their expanse. [2], The sanctuary straddles a geographically diverse landscape and transitional environment. In Russia, the Siberian Musk Deer is protected as Very Rare under part 7.1 of the Law of the Mongolian Animal Kingdom (2000) and also under the 1995 Mongolian Hunting Law. For a long period, China cut more of its forest than they could replant. It is found, not only in Uttarakhand in the Himalayan belt up to lowest elevation of 2,500 m (8,200 ft) (within a restricted zone), but also in some parts of the Himalayan belt starting from Northern India in Jammu and Kashmir and Sikkim, and in Bhutan, Nepal and China (southwest Xizang) with small numbers reported in China. “The cries of help from these musk deer and eagles caught in traps must be haunting you,” the letter notes, pointing the finger at the park’s Chief Conservation Officer. [2][18][19], Chaukhamba peak, northern boundary of sanctuary, Kala, C.P. Musk deer farms have been established in China, India and Nepal. Tusks that are longer and stronger create a more intimidating stance and become more attractive to females as the offspring of that male are likely to become healthier. Available at: "Fanged deer not extinct, still roaming the mountains of Afghanistan", "Moschus moschiferus (Siberian musk deer)", "Inside the cloning factory that creates 500 new animals a day", https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/fanged-deer-not-extinct-still-roaming-mountains-afghanistan-180953228/, "Species profile: Moschus moschiferus, Siberian musk deer", "Species profile: Siberian Musk Deer - Moschus moschiferus", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siberian_musk_deer&oldid=999497369, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Russian Federation, Sakhalin population: 600-500, Russian Federation, the Eastern Siberian population: 27,000-30,000, Russian Federation, Far Eastern population: 150,000, Democratic People's Republic of Korea: unknown, This page was last edited on 10 January 2021, at 13:55. The rocky location provides crevices and crags for the musk deer to hide from many predators, such as lynx and wolverines. Musk deer potential distribution area inside and outside the protected areas of Nepal. [2], Due to the severe amount of poaching for its musk gland, the deer population is continuing to decrease. Linkin Park wissen sich zu inszenieren: cooles Artwork, auffällige Musikvideos (etwa das Anime zu Breaking the habit), schickes Booklet mit Lyrics, Linernotes, Fotos. 874–881. Watch. Musk deer are found in the various protected area located in the higher elevation. During the winter, 99% of musk deer's diet are lichens. The musk deer is kept in Schedule 1 of the Wildlife Protection Act 1972. The sanctuary has a large number of Hindu temples located within its precincts. Erfahren Sie alles zu den Maßnahmen in unseren Märkten, zu Ihrem Einkauf und zur Liefersituation während der COVID-19-Pandemie. Musk deer are found in the various protected area located in the higher elevation. Their small shape allows them to hide from predators through tiny openings in the rocky terrain and also allow them to run exceptionally fast from their predators. Summer temperature recorded is 25 °C (77 °F), the highest in May or June; a mild and pleasant condition. It was changed to a sanctuary on 21 January 1972, and has been designated a "Habitat/Species Management Area" by the IUCN. doi:10.1016/j.als.2014.11.005, Wang, W., Zhou, R., He, L., Liu, S., Zhou, J., Qi, L., Li, L. and Hu, D. (2015) ‘The progress in nutrition research of musk deer: Implication for conservation’, Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 172, pp. The conservation … doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.04.018. Its inclusion in the list is a confirmation of outstanding interest … The lowest winter temperature recorded in the first half of January is −10 °C (14 °F), when heavy snowfall is received in the upper region. In India, large population of musk deer can be found in well-secured protected areas and its population is unknown. "[2], The sanctuary takes its name from the famous Hindu temple of Kedarnath which is just outside its northern border. This is highly prized as an aphrodisiac and perfume, which has led to large-scale … Conservation. The dense forests, hills and mountains of Sikkim are home to a huge variety of animal species from musk deer and red panda , to bharal or blue sheep ,the Himalayan black bear and the exclusive snow leopard. Declared as a protected area in 1910, it was later declared a national park in 1981. Some of them are Annapurna Conservation Area , Sagarmatha National Park , Langtang National Park , Kanchanjunga Conservation Area , and others. [2][17], The nearest airport is at Jolly Grant Airport at Dehradun at a distance of 227 km (141 mi) from Chopta, the entry point to the sanctuary. Aconitum balfourii, Angelica glauca, Arnebia benthamii, Artemisia maritima, Bergenia stracheyi, and Dactylorhiza hatagirea are among the threatened medicinal plant species of the sanctuary. In 2016, the Korean company Sooam Biotech was reported to be attempting to clone the Siberian musk deer to help conserve the species. 200million cm3[4] of China's forest recourses were cut down in the past 25 years in order to harvest the timber stock in trade for commerce. Ancistrodon himalayanus) (common) and Boulenger's keelback (Hebius parallelum). Musk deer have a preference for easily digestible nutritious foods that are both rich in protein and low in fibre. [1][2] Since 1972, the area of the park has expanded from 967–975 ha (2,390–2,409 acres). Due to enchroachments ,and climate change ,many of these are endangered and threatened. (2009). 1–8. The Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus) is a musk deer found in the mountain forests of Northeast Asia. Situated in the Himalayas, the park has rocks as well as steep mountains. The Indian musk deer bears the tendency to be more secretive and they are easily seen either … [8] This temple dates to the 8th century. The management of the wildlife sanctuary is done by the Uttarakhand Forest department. The management of wildlife sanctuary focuses mainly on wildlife habitat improvement, grazing regulation, forest protection and conservation. [2][7], The sanctuary is reputed to be one of the world’s richest bio-reserves. Musk Deer Status, Distribution and Potential Habitat in PAs. Musk deer are found in 9 protected areas of Nepal viz. Edit. It is most common in the taiga of southern Siberia, but is also found in parts of Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria and the Korean peninsula . Kedarnath temple is the most historic of these and is visited by a very large number of pilgrims. This species was originally described as a subspecies to the alpine musk deer, but is now classified as a separate species.The deer stand at 60 cm (2.0 ft) tall, and only males … There is also a guest house at Sonprayag. However, of the 30177.19 km2 potential habitat, only 19.26% (5815.08 km2) is inside the protected areas and the remaining 80.73% falls outside the protected areas. Musk deer (Moschus moschiferus): Reinvestigation of main lipid components from preputial gland secretion. Siberian musk deer preputial gland secretions are constituted of free fatty acids and phenols (10%), waxes (38%) and steroids. Only found in male deer, a musk pod is worth more than gold on the international black market for its perceived pharmaceutical properties. Yang, Q., Meng, X., Xia, L. and Feng, Z. Wildlife Division. This high value of precipitation is due to the fact that the hill ranges to the south, of about 3,000 m (9,800 ft) height, are open without much of rain-shadow effect. Lion (Panthera leo persica) is an important protected animal in wildlife of India. Among the smaller mammals are Hodgsons's brown-toothed shrew (Episoriculus caudatus), red giant flying squirrel (Petaurista petaurista), and Royle's pika (Ochotona roylei). Consisting of an area of 975 km 2 (376 sq mi), it is the largest protected area in the western Himalayas.It is famous for alpine musk deer, Himalayan Thar, Himalayan Griffon, Himalayan Black bear, Snow Leopard and other flora park and fauna. The Himalayan musk deer ... there is an urgent need to give this species total protection in national parks and wildlife reserves in order to preserve genetic diversity and maintain essential ecological processes and life support systems. Due to biodiversity present in state 12 percent of total geographical area is protected areas which includes 6 National Park, 7 Wildlife Sanctuary, 4 Conservation Reserve & 1 Biosphere Reserve. The Kashmir musk deer (Moschus cupreus) is an endangered species of musk deer native to Afghanistan, India, and Pakistan.Recent studies have shown that the species is also native to western Nepal. Musk Deer Farm, Mandal Called kastura in Hindi, the musk deer can be identified by its thick, bristly brown coat, speckled with white on the flanks, the white stockings and a bare tail, which nestles in thick rump hair. Despite being a protected species under the Forest and Nature Conservation Act of Bhutan, the alpine musk deer is targeted by poachers for its musk pod, with an estimated 100 deer killed in Bhutan each year. The park includes National Park, Rara National Park, Khaptad National Park, and Makalu Barun National Park [4]. IN THE MUSK DEER NATIONAL PARK GURAIZ, AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR, PAKISTAN B. D. Qureshi, M. Anwar, I. Hussain and M. A. Beg Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan Corresponding Author e-mail: baseerqureshi@gmail.com ABSTRACT In Pakistan, Himalayan musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) inhabits sub-alpine scrub, and mixed … To date, 15 mammal species and 150 bird species have been documented in the park, including Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus), brown bear (Ursus arctos), musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster), blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur), Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus), Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus), Koklass (Pucrasia macrolopha) and Himalayan snowcock … Its alternate name comes from its primary purpose of protecting the endangered Himalayan musk deer. After the 1980s, the production begins to steadily decline due to hunting for their musk glands. It is possible to remove the gland without killing the deer, but this is seldom done. It is believed that these farms will play a significant role in musk deer welfare and conservation. It has reportedly pharmaceutical properties also. The number of visitors to the Kedarnath shrine, who passed through the sanctuary, was 5,57,923 in 2007 as against 87,629 in 1987, a quantum jump in 20 years. [6][10] It is host to temperate forests in the middle altitudes; higher elevations are dotted by coniferous, sub-alpine and alpine forests, and further up by alpine grasslands and high-altitude Bugyals. We studied anthropogenic pressure on the musk deer population in the Khaptad National Park, Nepal. Another threat comes from the habitat loss by deforestation. Management Plan for Sagarmatha National Park and its Buffer Zone 2016-2020 Musk deer is commonly found in SNP between 2,500 − 4,000 m where the area is covered by Birch (Betula utilis), Fir (Abies spp.) [1] At Tungnath, two sedges, Carex lacta and C. munda, have been reported which had previously only been reported in the far west region of Nepal. The musk deers are also protected under the National Parks which accounts for approximately 13% of the Siberian Musk Deer … Linkin Park haben begriffen, das populäre Musik … Its meat is also consumed as a delicacy. • Carnivores are: Indian jackal (Canis aureus indicus), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), Himalayan black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus laniger) (V), yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula), leopard cat (Felis bengalensis), Indian leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) (V) and snow leopard (Uncia uncia). A solitary shy animal, that lives in mountainous regions from Siberia to the Himalayas. Through 1987, it had successfully reared nine deer. The musk deer is a small compact deer. Language. Research program of musk deer ecology in the Sikhote-Alin region. 6.5.1. They said a joint team composed of the army and locals had … Musk deer farming, therefore, has become one of the most appropriate ways to protect and utilize musk deer resources. Kedarnath Wild Life Sanctuary, also called the Kedarnath Musk Deer Sanctuary, is a wildlife sanctuary declared under Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 and located in Uttarakhand, India. [3], Siberia, North Mongolia, Russia, North China and Korea - M. m. moschiferus. The park spreading over 10,000 square km in five districts of Gilgit Baltistan and according to the locals it is a natural habitat for different species of … Players are … Recorded reptile species are Himalayan pit viper (Gloydius himalayanus syn. [2], Among the more notable of the animals in the region is the animal for which it is alternatively named; the musk deer. In addition, there is an urgent need to give this species total protection in national parks and wildlife reserves in order to preserve genetic diversity and D V S Khati, chief wildlife warden of the state, says, the protected areas where musk deer can be found receive between Rs 2 and 5 crore, depending on their expanse. The Alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) is classified as an “Endangered” species by the IUCN Red list category. Further, there are reports of the finding of the musk deer outside the protected area of Nepal. Declining population (over 40% in 21 years) of this species and large scale poaching for profit, dictated the decision to declare it as an endangered animal (EN) in 1973 (Halloway, 1973) and the species was listed vulnerable in the red data book of IUCN in 1974. For about three months, following heavy snowfall in December, the sanctuary is snow-covered. Most Siberian musk deer are generally nocturnal inhabiting the mountainous taiga and found in shrub-covered slopes where foods are abundant. Furthermore, the Chinese government has also established many national and provincial nature reserves as wildlife refuges, most of which are established within musk deer range and have the potential to improve the protection of musk deer in China. [1][14][15] These deer dwell generally live alone at a density of 3-4 animals per square kilometer in meadows, fell-fields, shrublands or first forests. The major part of the killing tools represented … [1] Consisting of an area of 975 km2 (376 sq mi), it is the largest protected area in the western Himalayas.It is famous for alpine musk deer, Himalayan Thar, Himalayan Griffon, Himalayan Black bear, Snow Leopard and other flora park and fauna. The white-bellied musk deer is protected by law in Bhutan, Nepal, and India. The South West summer monsoon rains recorded is the mean annual precipitation of 3,093 mm (122 in). [2][3][9] Visitors to these temples have occasionally been attacked by wildlife. The poachers are from outside the national park and the buffer zone but it is strongly believed that they can never approach these areas without the support of the local people. National parks in India are IUCN category II protected areas. The decline of the Siberian Musk Deer's population began in China where most of the deer population was abundant. A distinct subspecies roams the island of Sakhalin. nov., Glyptothorax spp. [15] The sanctuary includes a breeding center at Kharchula Kharak, both to help advance understanding of the animal's conservation requirements and to breed it in captivity for reintroduction to the wild. Few of the endangered species included marmot, snow leopard, markhor, ibex, blue sheep, brown bear, musk deer and snow wolf. Conservation works get further delayed as sanctuaries receive money towards the end of the … Maksimova, D. A., Seryodkin, I. V., Zaitsev, V. A., & Miquelle, D. G. (2014). It is expected that the population will be reduced to at least 30% over the next three generations. Once the male and the female deer have procreated, the females will become pregnant lasting over 6 months and can give birth to 1-3 offspring, usually between the months of May through June. Kaziranga - Musk deer. Visiting season is from April to June and again from September to November. Muskauer Park/Park Mużakowski – an outstanding example of a European park, a crafted ideal landscape, and a new approach to designing greenery in urbanized spaces – was included in the world heritage list according to the convention concerning the protection of the world cultural and natural heritage on July 2, 2004. It is an endangered animal. It prefers altitudes of more than 2600 m. Adults are small, weighing 7–17 kg. 3-Methylpentadecanone (muscone) was not identified among the secretion lipids.[11]. District Chamoli safeguard the habitats of conservation reliant species for about three months following! For musk deer are found in well-secured protected areas and its population unknown. Pit viper ( Gloydius himalayanus syn: Aufforderung dem Fan-Club beizutreten a gland the... Their musk glands grazing regulation, forest protection and conservation of the Siberian musk deer a... 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In Chamba District last year other ways the Siberian musk deer is considered Vulnerable, is. On pilgrimage to various temples, though a few international tourists also visit the of! ) from Chopta leucogaster ), the highest in May or June ; mild... Regarding musk are subject to strict regulation to avoid exploitation of the finding of the deer snares! M. Adults are small, weighing 7–17 kg recorded is the most historic these..., in … Hunters catch and kill the deer 's long term survival because deer. Temples located within its precincts the Government of Nepal protected musk deer 's population Meng! Deer using snares are IUCN category II protected areas of Nepal began in where! Only had five National parks in India, large population of musk deer ( spp!, Chaukhamba peak, northern boundary of sanctuary, Kala, C.P related! Also protected under the National parks Uttarakhand located at a distance of 54 from... Focuses mainly on wildlife habitat improvement, grazing regulation, forest protection and conservation from September November! Various protected area of the Siberian musk deer is protected by sanctuaries and..