Summary. Soon, however, the discontent caused by the oppressive Austrian rule, the disturbances in Germany leading to the German Peasants' War and the commotions aroused by the Reformation gave Ulrich an opportunity to recover his duchy. Baden Wurttemberg Genealogy. In the heart of Baden Wurttemberg, at the edge of the Black Forest in the South of Germany, is one of the most famous Spa towns of all time. The "Müller" Database is the Karlsruhe Part of the Database. Further divisions followed, and the weakness caused by these partitions was accentuated by a rivalry between the two main branches of the family, culminating in open warfare. The sparsely populated country afforded a welcome to fugitive Waldenses, who did something to restore it to prosperity, but the extravagance of the duke, anxious to provide for the expensive tastes of his mistress, Christiana Wilhelmina von Grävenitz, undermined this benefit.[8]. The condition of the kingdom, its education, agriculture trade and manufactures, began to receive earnest attention. The origin of the name "Württemberg" remains obscure. The coat of arms represents the state's several historical component parts, of which Baden and Württemberg are the most important. With the death of Conradin, the last Hohenstaufen duke, the duchy itself disintegrated although King Rudolf I attempted to revive it for his Habsburg family in the late 13th century. Hermann II of Baden first claimed the title of Margrave of Baden in 1112. In this way, the authorities restored the constitution of 1819, and power passed into the hands of a bureaucracy. The childless Karl Theodor also inherited Bavaria when its electoral line became extinct in 1777, and all the Wittelsbach lands save Zweibrücken on the French border (whose Duke was, in fact, Karl Theodor's presumptive heir) were now under a single ruler. If your ancestor emigrated without receiving permission they will not be included in the index. Thus, when his son Frederick II became duke in 1797, Protestantism returned to the ducal household, and the royal house adhered to this faith thereafter. In the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 Baden joined Austria, along with most of the other southern German states. All of the subsequent Württemberg royal family were descended from him. His descendants expanded Württemberg while surviving Germany's religious wars, changes in imperial policy, and invasions from France. Instead, a separate article 118 mandated the fusion of the three states in the southwest via a trilateral agreement. During his reign, which ended in July 1628, Württemberg suffered severely from the Thirty Years' War although the duke himself took no part in it. A united Margraviate of Baden existed from this time until 1535, when it was split into the two Margraviates of Baden-Durlach and Baden-Baden. In this reign, a standing commission started to superintend the finances, and the members of this body, all of whom belonged to the upper classes, gained considerable power in the state, mainly at the expense of the towns,[8] by means of the Oberamture and later, in addition, the Landkreis. Thus, once again, Württemberg became a direct fief of the empire, securing its independence. His son and successor Eberhard III (1628–1674), however, plunged into it as an ally of France and Sweden as soon as he came of age in 1633, but after the battle of Nordlingen in 1634, Imperial troops occupied the duchy and the duke himself went into exile for some years. Charles III William, margrave of Baden-Durlach from 1709 to 1738, founded Karlsruhe as his capital. Although the policy of Württemberg had continued to be antagonistic to Prussia, the kingdom shared in the national enthusiasm that swept over Germany, and its troops took a creditable part in the Battle of Wörth and in other operations of the war. [2] The charcoal-burner gave him some of his treasure, and was elevated to Duke of Zähringen. During the period of the Reformation some of the rulers of Baden remained Catholic and some became Protestants. Baden was reunited under his grandson Charles Frederick, who was margrave of Baden-Durlach from 1738 to 1811 and of Baden-Baden from 1771, when its line became extinct. However, it was often under pressure during the Reformation from the Catholic Holy Roman Empire, and from repeated French invasions in the 17th and 18th centuries. April 1952 – Die Entstehung des Landes Baden-Württemberg", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Baden-Württemberg&oldid=995997851#History_of_Baden, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1922 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles needing additional references from August 2016, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 24 December 2020, at 00:09. The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 restored the status quo, and the family rivalry gradually died out. Almost at once, he was faced with considerable difficulties. The Peace of Westphalia restored him, but to a depopulated and impoverished country, and he spent his remaining years in efforts to repair the disasters of the lengthy war. [18] In Baden, by contrast, there was a serious uprising that had to be put down by force. [8] Even the Margraviate of Baden-Baden went over to Lutheranism that same year, but indeed only for a short time. He had been exiled from his duchy by his own fault and controversial encroachments into non-Württembergish possessions. Baden-Baden was established over 2,000 years ago as a place for people to relax and reconnect with themselves. A concordat with the Papacy proved almost the last act of William's long reign. Welcome to our Baden-Württemberg family history research page. Baden Registry Books, 1810–1870. [8] Thus Marx Sittich of Hohenems went against the Hegenau and Klettgau rebels. The territory fell to the Wittelsbach Dukes of Bavaria in the early 13th century, and during a later division of territory among the heirs of Duke Louis II of Upper Bavaria in 1294, the elder branch of the Wittelsbachs came into possession not only of the Rhenish Palatinate, but also of that part of Upper Bavaria itself which was north of the Danube, and which came to be called the Upper Palatinate (Oberpfalz), in contrast to the Lower Palatinate along the Rhine. Eberhard V proved one of the most energetic rulers that Württemberg ever had, and, in 1495, his county became a duchy. Charles Frederick had to cede teritory west of the Rhine to Revolutionary France in the 1790s, however, and was constrained into an alliance with France in 1796. In 1952, the States of Württemberg-Baden, Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern merged to form a single cohesive State in Germany’s southwest. BADEN, part of the Land of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany. [3] Swabia was one of the five stem duchies of the medieval Kingdom of the East Franks, and its dukes were thus among the most powerful magnates of Germany. During the middle ages, various counts ruled the country that now forms Baden. After the Battle of Leipzig in October 1813, King Frederick deserted the waning fortunes of the French emperor. In 1806, Württemberg became the official spelling, though Wurtemberg also appears frequently and occurs sometimes in official documents, and even on coins issued after that date. The counts and duchy of Zähringen figure prominently among these. The Baden wine region is Germany’s third largest in terms of vineyard surface. In 1704, Eberhard Ludwig started to build Ludwigsburg Palace to the north of Stuttgart, in imitation of Versailles. After the excitements of the 1918–1919 revolution, its five election results between 1919 and 1932 show a decreasing vote for left-wing parties. The Baden emigration database consists of more than 200 000 entries about emigrants from the former dukedom of Baden, which Wolfgang Müller has captured during the last ten years. The house was similarly divided during the Thirty Years' War. This had not achieved any changes before the great war between France and Prussia broke out in 1870. This latter prince, who had served in the army of Frederick the Great, to whom he was related by marriage, and then managed his family's estates around Montbéliard, educated his children in the Protestant faith as francophones. A little later, by the peace of Vienna in October 1809, about 110,000 more persons came under his rule. The Federal Ministry of the Interior refused the application on the grounds that a community vote had already taken place. Overall travel to Germany and US are parties to the baden germany history of some other countries, such as Avis, Hertz, Budget, etc. Even Alsace belonged to it. Baden-Baden's curative waters and air of old-world luxury have attracted royals, the rich and celebrities over the years – Barack Obama and Bismarck, Queen Victoria and Victoria Beckham included. The Kingdom of France penetrated through acquired possessions in Alsace to the Rhine border. In 1112 Hermann, son of Hermann, Margrave of Verona (d. By 30 April 1945, all of Baden, Württemberg and Hohenzollern were completely occupied. The new king and his advisers continued this policy.[18]. Generallandesarchiv@glaka.lad-bw.de. Under the constitution of 1919, Baden ceased to be a grand duchy and became a Land of the German Reich. In the wars after the French Revolution in 1789, Napoleon, the emperor of the French, rose to be the ruler of the European continent. Music: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, 12 Variations on "Je suis Lindor", K.354/299a The Suevi (Sueben or Swabians) belonged to the tribe of the Alemanni, reshaped in the 3rd century. The intervention of the emperor and even of foreign powers ensued and, in 1770, a formal arrangement removed some of the grievances of the people. History of Baden-Baden Located in the darkly romantic southwest corner of Germany known as the Black Forest, the spa-loving Romans called the town Aquae ("the waters") for its healing springs. From 1946 to 1952, Tübingen was the capital of the newly formed state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern, before the state of Baden-Württemberg was created by merging Baden, Württemberg-Baden … Politics between 1918 and 1919 towards a merger of Württemberg and Baden remained largely unsuccessful. [2], Württemberg's first known inhabitants, the Celts, preceded the arrival of the Suebi. History of Baden, Germany. Nestled at the foot of the Black Forest in South Germany, Baden-Baden is a chic destination for those who fancy a dip in its famous salt- and radon-rich thermal hot springs. Because it was clear that both districts in Württemberg as well as North Baden would support the merger, the voting system favored the supporters of the new Southwest State. The state also managed to keep most of the territorial gains it had achieved during the Napoleonic period. From 1934, the Gau of Württemberg-Hohenzollern added the Province of Hohenzollern. Updates? With the decline of East Francia power, the House of Zähringen appeared to be ready as the local successor of the power in southwestern Germany and in the northwest in the Kingdom of Arles. [21] After the constitution of the new state entered force, the members of the constitutional convention formed the state parliament until the first election in 1956. After reductions in taxation in 1889, the reform of the constitution became the question of the hour. He introduced a system of church government, the Grosse Kirchenordnung, which endured in part into the 20th century. The separate history of Baden dates from this time. [2] Duke Ulrich of Württemberg had been living in his County of Mömpelgard since 1519. Baden, former state on the east bank of the Rhine River in the southwestern corner of Germany, now the western part of the Baden-Württemberg Land (state) of Germany. King William had to dismiss Johannes Schlayer (1792–1860) and his other ministers, calling to power men with more liberal ideas and the exponents of the idea of a united Germany. Exclusive welcome package: 100% up to €/$/£ 100 bonus & 21 Super free spins. The three prominent noble families were in vigorous competition with one another, even though they were linked by kinship. In October 1849, Schlayer and his associates returned to power. [4] During the Middle Ages, various counts ruled the territory that now forms Baden, among whom the counts and duchy of Zähringen figure prominently. Religious differences increased the family's rivalry. [19] Württemberg became a state (Land) in the new Weimar Republic. At the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, the Sundgau became part of France, and in the 18th century, the Habsburgs acquired a few minor new territories in southern Germany such as Tettnang. [9] The extortions by which he sought to raise money for his extravagant pleasures excited an uprising known as the arme Konrad (Poor Conrad), not unlike the rebellion in England led by Wat Tyler. The town has been a popular destination for so long that it's starting to show its age, but not to worry. During the wars of the reign of Louis XIV of France, the margravate was ravaged by French troops and the towns of Pforzheim, Durlach, and Baden were destroyed. GENEALOGICAL INQUIRIES AT THE STATE ARCHIVES. His son and grandson, both called Hermann, added to their territories, which were then divided, and the lines of Baden-Baden and Baden-Hochberg were founded, the latter of which divided about a century later into Baden-Hochberg and Baden-Sausenberg. The long reign (1498–1550) of Duke Ulrich, who succeeded to the duchy while still a child, proved a most eventful period for the country, and many traditions cluster round the name of this gifted, unscrupulous and ambitious man. Likewise, after the Peace of Augsburg the Reformation was carried out in the County of Hohenlohe. The name Baden-Württemberg was only intended as a temporary name, but ended up the official name of the state because no other name could be agreed upon. The opponents of the merger did not give up. Under Charles Frederick, Baden enjoyed a long period of prosperity and happiness. They were elected by the state legislatures, in Baden by an annual change, in Württemberg after each legislative election.[16]. Further Austria comprised the Sundgau (southern Alsace) and the Breisgau east of the Rhine (including Freiburg im Breisgau after 1386) and included some scattered territories throughout Swabia, the largest being the margravate Burgau in the area of Augsburg and Ulm. [14] His opportunity for territorial aggrandisement came during the Napoleonic wars. Duke Berthold V of Zähringen founded the city of Bern in 1191, which became one of the House of Zähringen power centers. Further Austria was ruled by the Duke of Austria until 1379. The area later became part of the Holy Roman Empire. [7] In 1503, the family Baden-Sausenberg became extinct, and the whole of Baden was united by Christoph, who, before his death in 1527, divided it among his three sons. We will review the data in question. The town has been a popular destination for so long that it's starting to show its age, but not to worry. From the 9th century on, in place of the area designation "Alemania," came the name "Schwaben" (Swabia). Omissions? [2], The earliest historical details of a Count of Württemberg relate to one Ulrich I, Count of Württemberg, who ruled from 1241 to 1265. In fact, it takes its name from the waters – Baden-Baden… It lies along the middle Oos River in the Black Forest (Schwarzwald). The margravate was thus enlarged to four or five times its former size. Wirtemberg was long accepted, and in the latter part of the 16th century Würtemberg and Wurttemberg appeared. The former grand duchy was created in 1806 from parts of various territories (including the Palatinate), where until then the Jews had formed no united community or shared a common history. [18], In July 1864, Charles (1823–1891, reigned 1864–91) succeeded his father William I as king. Baden-Baden Baden-Baden is a spa town built on thermal springs at the edge of the Black Forest in Baden Württemberg, south west Germany. Although its borders have changed over time, when it was part of the German empire from 1871-1918(These years are important to family history research as the FamilySearch Catalogs German records according to the boundaries as they existed at this time. [16] When the French Revolution threatened to be exported throughout Europe in 1792, Baden joined forces against France. The town had the good fortune to remain mostly intact during both World Wars, and served as the headquarters for French troops in … [5] Further Austria (in German: Vorderösterreich or die Vorlande) was the collective name for the old possessions of the Habsburgs in south-western Germany (Swabia), the Alsace, and in Vorarlberg after the focus of the Habsburgs had moved to Austria. The state of Baden, the state of Württemberg and the Hohenzollern states (the government district of Sigmaringen) continued to exist, albeit with much less autonomy with regard to the empire. Prussian military force suppressed the revolutionary government and restored Leopold in 1849. The plebiscite took place on 9 December 1951. Baden is the area of present-day southwestern Germany. In the wars after the French Revolution in 1789, Napoleon, the emperor of the French, rose to be the ruler of the European continent. After that, the regent of Further Austria was the Count of Tyrol. [8] Nevertheless, the district legislatures as well as the imperial diets offered a possibility of regulating matters in dispute. Its heyday as the "summer capital of Europe" lies in the 19th century. The most successful appear from the view of that time to be the Hohenstaufen, who, as dukes of Swabia from 1079 and as Frankish kings and emperors from 1138 to 1268, attained the greatest influence in Swabia. Its population fell by 57% between 1634 and 1655, primarily because of death and disease, declining birthrates, and the mass migration of terrified peasants. Swabia was otherwise of great importance in securing the pass route to Italy. Under the sign of the sandal (Bundschuh), that is, the farmer's shoe that tied up with laces, rebellions broke out on the Upper Rhine, in the Bishopric of Speyer, in the Black Forest and in the upper Neckar valley at the end of the 15th century. Baden named itself a "democratic republic," Württemberg a "free popular state." The constitution underwent revision in 1906, and a settlement of the education difficulty occurred in 1909. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership. As a fairly inconsequential margraviate that was divided between various branches of the ruling family for much of its history, it gained both status and territory during the Napoleonic era, when it was also raised to the status of grand duchy. This collection contains the names of about 700 Jews who were still living in the Baden area as of October 22, 1940. Aided by Philip, landgrave of Hesse, and other Protestant princes, he fought a victorious battle against Ferdinand's troops at Lauffen in May 1534. Here you'll find record collections, history, and genealogy resources to help you trace your Baden-Württemberg ancestors. In 1836 Baden joined the Prussian Zollverein, or Customs Union. [6] The family of Baden-Baden was very successful in increasing the area of its holdings, which after several divisions were united by the margrave Bernard I in 1391. For much of this period, the Hohenstaufen were also Holy Roman Emperors. Instead of monarchs, state presidents were in charge. They were supposedly responsible for curing Emperor Caracalla 's rheumatism and he celebrated this natural phenomenon by building three regal baths. The Habsburgs and the Württembergers endeavored in vain to resurrect it.[3]. At the same time, however, the Counter-Reformation began. Switzerland separated from the Holy Roman Empire.[12]. With this, the new state of Baden-Württemberg was founded. In 1771, Augustus George of Baden-Baden died without sons, and his territories passed to Charles Frederick, who thus finally became ruler of the whole of Baden. The former Baden state comprised the eastern half of the Rhine River valley together with the adjoining mountains, especially the Black Forest (Schwarzwald), which fills the great angle made by the river between Schaffhausen and Strasbourg. Don't be put off by its reputation as a hang-out for the rich. Access digitized parish record duplicates covering the years 1810–1870 from parishes in Baden, Württemberg, available through the Landesarchiv Baden-Wuerttemberg. Frederick I, grand duke from 1852 to 1907, was an ally of Prussia (except in the Seven Weeks’ War in 1866) and helped to found the German Empire. Then, by the treaty of Cadan, he again became duke, but perforce duke of the duchy as an Austrian fief. By paying a large sum of money, he induced the emperor Rudolph II in 1599 to free the duchy from the suzerainty of Austria. Baden-Baden is one of the world’s great spa s. Its Roman baths (parts of which survive) were built in the reign of Caracalla (211–217 ce) for the garrison of Strasbourg. Swabia takes its name from the tribe of the Suebi, and the name was often used interchangeably with Alemannia during the existence of the stem-duchy in the High Middle Ages. At Eberhard's death in 1496, his cousin, Duke Eberhard II, succeeded for a short reign of two years, terminated by a deposition. When the United States announced its independence from Great Britain in 1776, Baden was a sovereign, independent state. Between 1934 and 1944, 11,412 people were forcibly sterilised in ten districts of Baden with 1.2 million inhabitants. In 1477, Count Eberhard founded the University of Tübingen and expelled the Jews. Water, light, earth and air are the city’s precious resources. Emperor Karl V and even Pope Clement VII thanked the Swabian Union for its restraint in the Peasants' War. The main campaign of the war took place in Bohemia, but most of Austria’s allies playe… Charles Alexander, who became duke in 1733, had become a Roman Catholic while an officer in the Austrian service. It's still very classy, picturesque and well-maintained. Baden thus became a satellite of France but was well compensated by its new ally for the possessions it had lost. BADEN STATE ARCHIVES Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe Ndl. The duchy survived mainly because it was larger than its immediate neighbours. The provincial government in Alsace was alternately administered by the Palatinate (1408–1504, 1530–1558) and by the Habsburgs (13th and 14th centuries, 1504–1530). In 1688, 1703 and 1707, the French entered the duchy and inflicted brutalities and suffering upon the inhabitants. Its countryside was devastated in the ensuing battles. In May 1954, the Baden-Württemberg Landtag (legislature) decided on adoption of the following coat of arms: three black lions on a golden shield, framed by a deer and a griffin. The Palatinate arose as the County Palatine of the Rhine, a large feudal state lying on both banks of the Rhine, which seems to have come into existence in the 10th century. Inside Baden-Baden: History - Before you visit Baden-Baden, visit Tripadvisor for the latest info and advice, written for travellers by travellers. Württemberg happened to be in the path of French and Austrian armies engaged in the long rivalry between the Bourbon and Habsburg dynasties. Best spas in Baden Baden, Germany and things to do. In the midst of this controversy, Frederick died on 30 October 1816. Around the same time, the Spielbank, the oldest gambling casino in the country, was also built in Baden. He was soon defeated by the forces of Emperor Ferdinand II at the Battle of White Mountain in 1620, and Spanish and Bavarian troops soon occupied the Palatinate itself. Württemberg, often spelled "Wirtemberg" or "Wurtemberg" in English, developed as a political entity in southwest Germany, with the core established around Stuttgart by Count Conrad (died 1110). The Baden Emigration Index is an A to Z listing of those who left Baden from the 17th to the 20th centuries and received official permission to emigrate. Christopher's son Louis, the founder of the Collegium illustre in Tübingen, died childless in 1593. Prince is the only Federal state created as the Elector Palatine in,... Revise the article was recognized as a sovereign member of the newly formed German by. First claimed the title of margrave of Baden-Durlach and Baden-Baden William had no sons, nor had his Protestant. 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